Marie and Laurent called each other on the phone. Remember: the participe passé never agrees with an indirect object.Įxample: Marie et Laurent se sont téléphoné. In this case, the past participle does not agree.Įxample: Elle s’est lavé les mains. The exception is when the direct object comes after the reflexive verb. In the case of reflexive verbs (which always take être as their auxiliary in the passé composé), the participle generally agrees with the subject.Įxample: Nous nous sommes lev és très tôt.He sorted his business cards.→ He sorted them (Fr. He cleaned up his room.→ He cleaned it (Fr. This direct object can take three possible forms: a personal pronoun (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les), the relative pronoun que, or a noun placed before the verb (usually in questions and exclamations).Įxample: Il a rangé son bureau. For verbs that take avoir in the passé composé, the participle only agrees in gender and number with a direct object that comes before the verb.They went to their offices.Įlles sont all ées dans leurs bureaux. He went to his office.Įlle est all ée dans son bureau. When a verb takes être as an auxiliary, the participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.Įxample: Il est all é dans son bureau.This agreement is necessary in the following situations: Example: À quelle heure es-tu sorti ce matin? What time did you leave this morning? sortir = leave but: As-tu sorti les carottes du frigo hier soir? Did you take the carrots out of the fridge yesterday evening? sortir = take outįor some verbs, the participe passé has to agree in gender and number with either the subject or the object of the sentence. In this case, the meaning of the verb often changes. Note: we use avoir when descendre, ( r)entrer, (re)monter, retourner and sortir are followed by a direct object. with the following verbs of movement: naître/mourir be born/die, aller/venir go/come, monter/descendre go up/go down, arriver/partir arrive/leave, entrer/sortir enter/go out, apparaître appear, rester stay, retourner return, tomber fall and their related forms such as: revenir come back, rentrer go back in, remonter go back up, redescendre go back down, repartir leave again.Įxample: Je suis arrivé à la gare.Note that many of these stems are the same as, or closely resemble, the past participle of the verb.Most verbs construct the passé composé with avoir, however être is used as the auxiliary verb in the following cases:Įxample: Je me suis trompé dans mon calcul. Table 2 lists the most common irregular verbs in the passé simple and their stems. (In 1066, William the Conqueror became the king of England.) En 1066 Guillaume le Conquérant devint roi de l'Angleterre.(Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in Domrémy.) Jeanne d'Arc naquit en 1412 à Domrémy.Verbs with irregular stems in the passé simple generally end in ‐i or ‐u and have the following endings: voyager: je voyageai, tu voyageas, il voyagea, nous voyageâmes, vous voyageâtes, ils voyagèrent.Verbs ending in ‐ger change ‐g to ‐ge before ‐a to maintain the sound of soft g:
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